Russia accuses Ukraine of attacking civilian targets unrelated to the military operation, including commercial ships and warehouses.

Ukrainian President Zelensky announces the recapture of 745 square kilometers of territory from Russia and claims responsibility for striking Russia's Novorossiysk base.

Both Russia and Ukraine are engaged in a war of attrition, targeting each other's logistical and economic depths, with Ukraine striking oil facilities and Russia launching widespread missile attacks.

The drone conflict has evolved into a reverse engineering war, where wreckage is reassembled and technical secrets exploited for new attacks.